SPUTUM ROUTINE Detail

Sputum Routine Microscopy is a basic diagnostic test used to evaluate sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) for signs of infection, inflammation, or other respiratory conditions. The test involves the microscopic examination of the sputum sample to assess:

• Pus cells (neutrophils): indicate infection or inflammation.

• Epithelial cells: suggest contamination with saliva.

• Bacteria, fungi, or parasites: may be observed directly or suspected from inflammatory response.

• Mucus characteristics: such as thickness, color, and cellular content.

Sputum routine is commonly used as a screening test in patients with symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, breathlessness, or fever, and is often followed by more specific tests like Gram staining, AFB smear, or sputum culture.

It helps in the diagnosis of conditions like:

• Bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia

• Fungal infections of the lungs

• Chronic bronchitis or COPD

• Suspected tuberculosis (with further AFB testing)

Proper collection of an early morning deep-cough sputum sample is crucial for accurate results.