PROTIN ELECTROPHORESIS Detail

Protein Electrophoresis is a laboratory test that separates proteins based on their size and electrical charge. It is typically performed on blood serum or urine samples. The test categorizes proteins into major groups: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins.

This test is essential for diagnosing and monitoring:

• Multiple myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies

• Chronic infections and inflammatory conditions

• Liver disorders

• Kidney diseases resulting in protein loss

• Immune system abnormalities

In serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), abnormalities such as an M-spike (monoclonal band) may indicate the presence of abnormal plasma cells. In urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), it helps identify Bence Jones proteins, which are often seen in multiple myeloma.

The test plays a critical role in identifying the cause of unexplained symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, bone pain, or recurrent infections.