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The Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) is a confirmatory blood test used to detect specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the causative organism of syphilis. TPHA is typically used after an initial screening test such as the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) or RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) test.
A positive TPHA result confirms the presence of antibodies to T. pallidum and usually indicates:
Current or past syphilis infection,
Even if symptoms are not present.
However, the TPHA test does not differentiate between:
Active and treated infection, because antibodies can remain in the blood for life even after successful treatment.