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The ANCA (IFA) Test is a diagnostic blood test that uses Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) to detect antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). These autoantibodies target proteins inside neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) and are important markers for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV)—a group of autoimmune diseases that cause inflammation and damage to blood vessels.
The IFA method identifies two main patterns:
C-ANCA (cytoplasmic pattern) – typically associated with PR3-ANCA and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
P-ANCA (perinuclear pattern) – typically associated with MPO-ANCA and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
ANCA testing by IFA is a screening tool, often followed by ELISA-based PR3 and MPO antibody testing for confirmation and specificity.